Citation graph

Who builds on whom

Built by pdftotext-ing every PDF we hold and scanning each paper's text for mentions of the others. An edge A → B means A's text mentions B — a proxy for citation, not a hand-verified one.

58nodes
176edges
31 · 10verifiability · privacy nodes
2edges between the two
4papers cited by both
citations acorn ACORN eiffel EIFFeL acorn->eiffel prio Prio / Prio+ acorn->prio rofl RoFL acorn->rofl archer-ieee Archer et al. (IEEE cost) artemis Artemis / Apollo bionetta Bionetta deepprove DeepProve bionetta->deepprove ezkl ezkl bionetta->ezkl gkr GKR bionetta->gkr lasso Lasso bionetta->lasso zkcnn zkCNN bionetta->zkcnn zkgpt zkGPT bionetta->zkgpt zkml-kang ZKML bionetta->zkml-kang zkpytorch zkPyTorch bionetta->zkpytorch bolt BOLT cheetah Cheetah bolt->cheetah iron Iron bolt->iron secfloat SecFloat bolt->secfloat sirnn SIRNN bolt->sirnn the-x THE-X bolt->the-x bootstrapping-fhe Bootstrapping is All You Need bootstrapping-fhe->bolt bumblebee BumbleBee bootstrapping-fhe->bumblebee bootstrapping-fhe->cheetah ciphergpt CipherGPT bootstrapping-fhe->ciphergpt bootstrapping-fhe->iron nimbus Nimbus bootstrapping-fhe->nimbus bootstrapping-fhe->the-x delphi Delphi cheetah->delphi cheetah->sirnn ciphergpt->bolt ciphergpt->bumblebee ciphergpt->cheetah ciphergpt->iron ciphergpt->sirnn deepprove->ezkl deepprove->gkr jolt Jolt (zkVM) deepprove->jolt deepprove->lasso mystique Mystique deepprove->mystique vcnn vCNN deepprove->vcnn deepprove->zkcnn deepprove->zkgpt zkllm zkLLM deepprove->zkllm deepprove->zkpytorch zktorch ZKTorch deepprove->zktorch safetynets SafetyNets delphi->safetynets eiffel->prio eiffel->rofl expander Expander garg-fp Garg et al. (FP) garg-fp->archer-ieee garg-fp->mystique hao-et-al Hao et al. hao-et-al->cheetah hao-et-al->lasso hao-et-al->mystique hao-et-al->safetynets hao-et-al->sirnn hao-et-al->vcnn hao-et-al->zkcnn iron->cheetah iron->sirnn iron->the-x jolt-atlas Jolt Atlas jolt-atlas->deepprove jolt-atlas->ezkl jolt-atlas->gkr jolt-atlas->jolt twist-shout Twist & Shout jolt-atlas->twist-shout modulus-cost-of-intelligence The Cost of Intelligence modulus-cost-of-intelligence->gkr modulus-cost-of-intelligence->mystique modulus-cost-of-intelligence->safetynets modulus-cost-of-intelligence->vcnn modulus-cost-of-intelligence->zkcnn mosformer Mosformer mosformer->bolt mosformer->bumblebee mosformer->ciphergpt mosformer->iron mosformer->nimbus puma PUMA mosformer->puma sigma Sigma mosformer->sigma mosformer->the-x nimbus->bolt nimbus->bumblebee nimbus->cheetah nimbus->ciphergpt nimbus->iron nimbus->sirnn nimbus->the-x opml opML pol Proof-of-Learning pol->safetynets pol-adversarial PoL Adversarial Examples pol-adversarial->pol pol-broken PoL is More Broken Than You Think pol-broken->pol prob-truncation Probabilistic truncation in PPML prob-truncation->cheetah proof-of-quality Proof of Quality proof-of-quality->ezkl proof-of-quality->mystique proof-of-quality->opml proof-of-quality->zkml-kang puma->cheetah puma->delphi puma->iron pvcnn pvCNN range-arithmetic Range-Arithmetic range-arithmetic->artemis range-arithmetic->ezkl range-arithmetic->garg-fp range-arithmetic->hao-et-al range-arithmetic->jolt-atlas range-arithmetic->mystique range-arithmetic->pvcnn range-arithmetic->safetynets spagkr SpaGKR range-arithmetic->spagkr zip ZIP range-arithmetic->zip zkml-survey ZKP-VML Survey range-arithmetic->zkml-survey zkpot-garg zkPoT (Garg et al.) range-arithmetic->zkpot-garg remainder Remainder remainder->gkr remainder->modulus-cost-of-intelligence remainder->vcnn remainder->zkcnn safetynets->gkr secfloat->archer-ieee secfloat->sirnn sigma->cheetah sigma->delphi sigma->iron sigma->secfloat sigma->sirnn sigma->the-x twist-shout->gkr twist-shout->lasso zator Zator zator->ezkl zator->zkml-kang zen ZEN zen->safetynets zen->vcnn zkdt zkDT zen->zkdt zip->archer-ieee zip->garg-fp zip->mystique zip->safetynets zip->vcnn zip->zkcnn zip->zkllm zklp ZKLP zip->zklp zkgpt->gkr zkgpt->jolt zkgpt->lasso zkgpt->mystique zkgpt->vcnn zkgpt->zkcnn zkgpt->zkllm zkllm->gkr zkllm->mystique zkllm->safetynets zkllm->vcnn zkllm->zkcnn zklp->archer-ieee zklp->garg-fp zklp->mystique zklp->secfloat zkml-kang->vcnn zkml-kang->zkcnn zkml-survey->artemis zkml-survey->ezkl zkml-survey->gkr zkml-survey->lasso zkml-survey->mystique zkml-survey->safetynets zkml-survey->spagkr zkml-survey->vcnn zkml-survey->zkcnn zkml-survey->zkgpt zkml-survey->zkllm zkpot-garg->mystique zkpot-garg->secfloat zkpot-garg->sirnn zkpot-garg->vcnn zkpot-garg->zkcnn zkpytorch->expander zkpytorch->gkr zkpytorch->mystique zkpytorch->zkcnn zkpytorch->zkllm zktorch->ezkl zktorch->mystique zktorch->vcnn zktorch->zkcnn zktorch->zkllm

What the graph shows

The two literatures are no longer fully disconnected: 2 edge(s) now join them — Delphi → SafetyNets, Hao et al. → Cheetah. That is worth reading closely; it was zero when this corpus was first built.

They are working the two columns of the same 2×2, on the same operators — GELU, Softmax and LayerNorm are the expensive ones for both — with entirely different hammers, and they are not reading each other.

Counted between the verifiability and privacy columns specifically. A survey citing zkGPT also crosses a section boundary, but says nothing about the two communities talking, so it is not counted here.

Where the two literatures actually touch

No edge runs directly between the two columns. But some papers are cited by both — and those are the real contact surface, more interesting than the absence of a direct edge:

  • Cheetah — cited by Hao et al. on the verifiability side, and BOLT, Bootstrapping is All You Need, CipherGPT, Iron, Nimbus, PUMA, Sigma on the privacy side.
  • SafetyNets — cited by Hao et al., Proof-of-Learning, Range-Arithmetic, ZEN, ZIP, zkLLM on the verifiability side, and Delphi on the privacy side.
  • SecFloat — cited by zkPoT (Garg et al.) on the verifiability side, and BOLT, Sigma on the privacy side.
  • SIRNN — cited by Hao et al., zkPoT (Garg et al.) on the verifiability side, and BOLT, Cheetah, CipherGPT, Iron, Nimbus, Sigma on the privacy side.

The pattern is that the contact happens at the numerics layer, not at the systems layer. Both communities are trying to do arithmetic on real numbers in a setting that only offers integers mod p, and both reach for the same small set of fixed-point, floating-point and truncation primitives to do it. They will read the same paper about rounding, and then not read each other's papers about GELU.

See Numerics, which is filed as a cross-cutting section for exactly this reason: it belongs to neither column, because it is underneath both.