Papers · Alternatives to ZK · Optimistic TEE-Rollups (OTR)

Optimistic TEE-Rollups (OTR)

Optimistic TEE-Rollups: A Hybrid Architecture for Scalable and Verifiable Generative AI Inference on Blockchain

Date
2025-12
Paper
https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20176

Approach

NVIDIA H100 confidential-computing TEEs + optimistic fraud proofs + stochastic ZK spot-checks

Notes

The most interesting synthesis: use ZK where it is cheap (random spot checks), TEEs where throughput matters. Sub-second provisional finality. Argues zkML's super-linear proving overhead is infeasible for billion-parameter models.

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Discussed in

When verifiability is not worth the priceOptimistic verification, fraud proofs and challenge windowsTEEs, the assumption that is actually deployedEvery relaxation, and what an adversary can still do
Other recorded fields
trust_assumption: Hardware (NVIDIA attestation) + economic, with ZK used only to sample-check
  against side-channel/hardware compromise.